多波束数据的海底数字地形模型构建   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

高金耀  金翔龙  吴自银 《海洋通报》2003,22(1):30-38

提出大批量多格式原始多波束数据的DTM构建方法，以满足大区域、大比例尺海底地形制图的需要。在多种格式原始多波束数据接口和系统内部标准数据结构的基础上，通过对数据文件、数据种类和数据运算量的有效组织管理，实施边读入、边权重配赋的网格插值，分析了高斯、指数和距离平方反比权重函数的适用性，及最小值、最大值和平均值的实用性。在权重配赋网格插值基础上，提出分形fBM和张力样条配合使用的方程式插值方法，保证DTM数据的有效外延和地形分辨。整套算法效率高，并能有效保证DTM的精度，对存储在外部介质的数据遍历一次即可完成网格插值。  相似文献   

A comparative study on the contents of vitamins in the natural and the cultured prawn     

Wang Anli  Wang Wein  Liu Cunqi  Wang Suo''an 《海洋学报(英文版)》1994,13(4):557-564

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Surface gravity wave interaction with elastic bottom     

S.C. MohapatraT. Sahoo 《Applied Ocean Research》2011,33(1):31-40

In the present paper, a hydroelastic model is developed to deal with surface gravity wave interaction with an elastic bed based on the small amplitude water wave theory and plate deflection in finite water depth. The elastic bottom bed is modelled as a thin elastic plate and is based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation. The wave characteristics in the presence of the elastic bed is analyzed in both the cases of deep and shallow water waves. Further, the linearized long wave equation is generalized to include bottom flexibility. A generalized expansion formula for the velocity potential is derived to deal with the boundary value problems associated with surface gravity waves having an elastic bed. The utility of the expansion formula is illustrated by demonstrating specific physical problems which will play significant role in the analysis of wave structure interaction problems. Behavior of the wave spectra are discussed in the case of closed basin having a free surface and an elastic bottom topography.  相似文献   

现代海底块状硫化物矿床储量估算方法探讨     

张柏松 《地质与勘探》2018,54(4):723-734

海底块状硫化物矿床具有巨大的经济价值和良好的开发前景。但是由于勘探难度和技术手段的限制,在全球已经发现的600多个海底热液喷口和硫化物矿床中,不到5%的矿床进行了详细的勘探,进行资源量计算的矿床更是屈指可数。选择适当的方法估算储量对于深海资源开发意义重大。本文系统总结了前人估算海底硫化物储量的方法,并以勘探程度相对较高、数据资料相对丰富的Atlantis-II-Deep矿床和Solwara 1矿床为例,评析了前人采用不同储量计算方法得到的结果和各种方法计算的准确性;针对有一定钻孔数据的TAG硫化物堆丘,采用距离反比法重新计算了储量,并和块段法估算的结果进行对比。得到以下结论:(1)海底硫化物矿体形态是制约储量估算方法适用性的一个重要因素;(2)传统几何法可以在极低勘探条件下估算海底硫化物储量量级;(3)对于海底硫化物储量估算,地质统计学的精度高于传统几何法;(4)较高勘探条件下距离反比法可以与地质统计学相互对照、验证;(5)在一定钻孔数量的条件下,可以应用距离反比法进行海底硫化物储量估算。  相似文献   

Dynamic land use change simulation using cellular automata with spatially nonstationary transition rules   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yongjiu Feng  Xiaohua Tong 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2018,55(5):678-698

The dynamic relationships between land use change and its driving forces vary spatially and can be identified by geographically weighted regression (GWR). We present a novel cellular automata (GWR-CA) model that incorporates GWR-derived spatially varying relationships to simulate land use change. Our GWR-CA model is characterized by spatially nonstationary transition rules that fully address local interactions in land use change. More importantly, each driving factor in our GWR model contains effects that both promote and resist land use change. We applied GWR-CA to simulate rapid land use change in Suzhou City on the Yangtze River Delta from 2000 to 2015. The GWR coefficients were visualized to highlight their spatial patterns and local variation, which are closely associated with their effects on land use change. The transition rules indicate low land conversion potential in the city’s center and outer suburbs, but higher land conversion potential in the inner near suburbs along the belt expressway. Residual statistics show that GWR fits the input data better than logistic regression (LR). Compared with an LR-based CA model, GWR-CA improves overall accuracy by 4.1% and captures 5.5% more urban growth, suggesting that GWR-CA may be superior in modeling land use change. Our results demonstrate that the GWR-CA model is effective in capturing spatially varying land transition rules to produce more realistic results, and is suitable for simulating land use change and urban expansion in rapidly urbanizing regions.  相似文献   

基于快速流式算法的局部余弦相似属性     

周紫嫣  刘洋  刘财  王青晗  郑植升 《地球物理学报》2022,65(1):349-359

相似性是一种常用的衡量不同图像之间差异程度的属性,广泛应用于地震数据处理环节.由于地震数据本质上是非平稳的,局部相似性比全局相似性更适用于刻画地震数据的时-空变化特征.现有的局部相似属性可以通过正则化最小二乘问题进行计算,但是其计算过程需要大量的计算时间和数据存储空间,难以适应当前的海量数据处理任务.本文提出了一种基于快速流式算法的局部余弦相似性计算方法,其采取局部数据递推的模式,避免迭代算法带来的计算负担,在保证计算精度的前提下能够快速地表征不同数据之间的差异.流式局部余弦相似性可以用于解决不同的地震数据处理问题,包括叠前地震数据加权叠加、多波多分量数据纵横波速度比估计以及基于构造预测的断层检测,更加适用于现阶段的宽方位角和高密度采集数据的处理流程.理论模型和实际数据测试结果可以验证流式局部余弦相似性算法的效率优势和解决不同地震数据处理问题的有效性.  相似文献   

利用标准时频变换方法在强噪声环境下无偏拾取地震P波、S波到时     

姚彦吉  柳林涛  盛敏汉  许厚泽 《地球物理学报》2022,65(1):227-243

地震P波、S波到时是精确分析地震水平位置、深度与速度结构等的重要参数,如何准确拾取P波和S波到时是地震学的一项重要的基础工作.大数据量与强噪声环境给地震到时的自动拾取带来了很大挑战.在频率域中可将信号与噪声分离,但会造成震相的偏移.针对上述问题,本文在STA/LTA、AIC方法的基础上,引入了标准时频变换(Normal Time-Frequency Transform,NTFT),结合信号时间域与频率域特征,提出了基于NTFT的STA/LTA方法,以及基于NTFT的AIC方法来拾取P波和S波的到时.基于NTFT的STA/LTA方法通过构建即时频率约束的特征函数,以增强地震信号振幅响应的变化特征.基于NTFT的AIC方法则根据NTFT的变换系数定位即时频率-时间基准点,通过滑动窗口直接对标准时频谱进行AIC处理拾取最佳到时.本文采用了不同强度噪声的60组合成数据和105组实测地震数据对方法的可靠性进行检验.以人工拾取到时为参考,实测数据中NTFT-STA/LTA方法拾取P波、S波到时的均方根误差分别为0.36 s和0.56 s;NTFT-AIC方法拾取P波、S波到时的均方根误差分别为0.25 s和0.35 s.相比于STA/LTA、AIC方法,NTFT改进后的方法提高了P波和S波到时的拾取准确率,为强噪声环境下的地震波形到时拾取提供了新思路.  相似文献   

西藏地表温度时空演变特征及影响因子     

伍健恒  孙彩歌  樊风雷 《冰川冻土》2022,44(5):1523-1538

地表温度（land surface temperature, LST）是反映生态环境状况的重要指标。西藏作为气候变化的敏感地区,掌握其LST的时空变化有利于深入了解西藏热环境演化过程,为长期监测高原基础生态变化提供帮助。研究基于谷歌地球引擎获取西藏2000—2020年的MODIS LST数据,采用归一化分级方法对LST进行5个等级的划分,利用趋势分析、热力空间分析以及重心迁移等方法分析了研究区近20年来的LST时空演变特征。同时,选取归一化植被指数（normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI）、裸土指数（bare soil index, BI）、垂直不透水面指数（perpendicular impervious surface index, PISI）、湿度（WET）以及高程（digital elevation model, DEM）等5个影响LST的地表参数,结合多尺度地理加权回归,探讨了LST影响因子的作用尺度与作用效力。结果表明：2000—2020年,西藏LST均值由18.72 ℃上升至20.28 ℃,年均增长0.09 ℃,LST呈现微弱上升态势。20年来,LST在所有年份皆具有西北高、东南低的空间分布格局,LST增温趋势亦表现为西北高、东南低的分布特征。低温区和高温区空间分布聚集,形状简单、规则;次低温区、中温区以及次高温区空间分布破碎,形状复杂。2000—2020年各温区重心分布具有明显的方向性,且各温区重心迁移轨迹具有显著差异。特别是,低温区重心与高温区重心迁移轨迹呈现出由相向而行到背向而行的转变,反映出研究区东西部区域LST差距经历了由缩小到扩大的过程。DEM和WET对LST具有负向影响,BI、PISI和NDVI具有正向影响,常数项在不同生态区具有不同的影响性质。DEM具有较小的作用尺度以及最强的作用效力,常数项具有最小的作用尺度以及仅次于DEM的作用效力。  相似文献   

Tracing exhumation record in high-pressure micaschists: A new tectonometamorphic model of the evolution of the eastern part of the Fore Sudetic Block,Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt,NE Bohemian Massif,SW Poland     

Jacek Szczepański  Marcin Goleń 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2022,82(1):125859

The Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt comprises a volcano-sedimentary succession exposed within a collision zone between the Saxothuringian and Brunovistulian crustal domains of the European Variscides. The studied rocks recorded two metamorphic episodes. The first episode, M₁, occurred at conditions of c. 485 ± 25 °C and 18 ± 1.8 kbar related to burial within a subduction zone. The subsequent episode, M₂, was linked to the final phases of exhumation to mid-crustal level, associated with pressure and temperature (P–T) conditions ranging from c. 520 ± 26 °C and 6 ± 0.6 kbar through 555 ± 28 °C and 7 kbar ± 0.7 to ~590 ± 30 °C and 3–4 ± 0.4 kbar. The documented deformation record is ascribed to three events, D₁ to D₃, interpreted as related to the burial and subsequent exhumation of the Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt. The D₁ event must have witnessed the subduction of the Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt rock succession whereas the D₂ event was associated with the exhumation and folding of the Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt in an E-W-directed shortening regime. A subsequent folding related to the D₂ event was initiated at HP conditions, however, the planar fabric produced during a late stage of the D₂ event, defined by a low-pressure mineral assemblage M₂, indicates that the D₂ final stage was synchronous with the onset of the M₂ episode. Consequently, the entire D₂ event seems to have been associated with the exhumation of the Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt to mid crustal level. The third deformation event D₃, synchronous with the M₂ episode, marked the last stage of the exhumation, and was linked to emplacement of granitoid veins and lenses. The latter resulted in heating and rheological weakening of the entire rock succession and in the formation of non-coaxial shear zones.  相似文献   

油气勘探开发数据体平均值代表性分析     

康志勇  韩明伟  周明旺 《江苏地质》2022,46(2):136-141

油气勘探开发涉及各类数据体,同一数据体可得多种平均值,目前尚无明确而有效的方法以判断何种平均值能客观反映数据体的典型水平。运用数据统计平均分析方法,对勘探开发实践中的孔隙度、渗透率、产量、成本等数据体进行系统分析,确立了加权中位数计算公式和平衡中位数法则。加权中位数计算公式适于分析不同领域正常有序数据体的基本特征,加权中位数为正常有序数据体的平衡点;平衡中位数法则适于确定有足够大数据容量、能满足统计分析基本要求、能选择合理权衡指标的正常有序数据体的典型水平;有明确物理意义的加权平均值也可确定数据体的典型水平。  相似文献